目的 为提高液体类空投物资补给效率，研究椭球型结构的无伞空投储液罐跌落冲击地面过程的力学响应。方法 基于欧拉-拉格朗日耦合算法，建立含有内盛物的椭球形储液罐有限元模型，通过Abaqus CAE仿真跌落得到罐壁材料层为聚乙烯-发泡-聚乙烯在不同厚度比条件下含内盛物跌落的最大等效塑性应变(简称最大塑性应变)云图、应力-时间曲线。结果 不同层间厚度比与储液罐的最大塑性应变、塑性应变的时间和应变集中区域有密切联系，当厚度比为1∶2∶1时，罐体达到最大塑性应变的时间短，把手部位出现应变集中现象的概率增大;厚度比为1∶1∶2时，罐体的塑性应变相对降低，抗冲击能力没有达到理想优化效果;厚度比为1∶1∶2时，罐体的塑性应变最小，在此情况下能承受的冲击地面的瞬时速度最大，罐体的结构性能最好。结论 基于此提出了一种结构优化思路，在添加中间发泡层以减轻配重的基础上，适当增加外层聚乙烯材料的厚度或者使用缓冲性能更好的材料，增加罐壁的缓冲吸能，改善材料结构强度。

The work aims to study the mechanical response of the liquid storage tank with ellipsoidal structure for free drop during the process of falling and hitting the ground, in order to improve the replenishment efficiency of liquid airdrop supplies. Based on the coupling Euler-Lagrange algorithm, a finite element model of ellipsoid liquid storage tank was established. The drop process of the tank with different thickness ratios of polyethylene-foam-polyethylene was simulated by ABAQUS CAE to obtain the maximum equivalent plastic strain cloud diagram and stress-time curve. The thickness ratio between different layers is closely related to the maximum plastic strain, the time of plastic strain and the strain concentration area of the storage tank. When the thickness ratio is 1∶2∶1, the time to reach the maximum plastic strain is the shortest and the probability of strain concentration at the region for handle is increased. When the thickness ratio is 1∶1∶2, the plastic strain of the tank body is relatively reduced, but the impact resistance does not reach the ideal optimized situation. When the thickness ratio is 1∶1∶2, the plastic strain is the smallest, the maximum instantaneous speed is the highest, and the property of the tank structure is the best. Based on these, a structural optimization idea is proposed. On the basis of adding a middle foam layer to reduce the weight, appropriately increasing the thickness of the outer polyethylene material or using a material with better cushioning performance can increase the buffer energy absorption of the tank wall and improve the strength of the material structure.