目的 通过高碘酸钠氧化制备含醛基的氧化细菌纤维素，并改善细菌纤维素的抗菌性能，为细菌纤维素的综合利用提供新思路。方法 以氧化细菌纤维素中醛基的含量和保留率作为评价指标，通过单因素和正交试验对其进行优化，利用红外光谱仪、扫描电镜对氧化前后的细菌纤维素结构进行表征，以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为实验菌种，探究氧化细菌纤维素的抑菌性能。结果 当高碘酸钠浓度为0.3 mol/L，悬浮液pH为4.0，体系温度为50 ℃，反应时间为4.0 h时，制备的氧化细菌纤维素的最佳醛基含量为98%(质量分数)、保留率为78%。经氧化后，氧化细菌纤维素存在醛基官能团，其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌产生的抑菌圈直径分别为21.5，23.3 mm。结论 制得了含醛基的氧化细菌纤维素，且其具有较好的抗菌性。

The paper aims to prepareoxidized bacterial cellulose containing aldehyde functional group by the oxidation of sodium periodate and improve the antibacterial properties of bacterial cellulose to provide a new idea for the comprehensive utilization of bacterial cellulose. After being optimized by single factor and orthogonal test, the oxidized bacterial cellulose was characterized by Fourier infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope to measure the content and retention rate of the aldehydeand. Besides, its antibacterial properties was investigated by the experimental strains of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. When the concentration of sodium periodate was 0.3 mol/L, the pH of the suspension was 4.0, system temperature was 50 °C, and reaction time was 4.0 h, the optimal aldehyde group content and retention rate of the oxidized bacterial cellulose were 98% and 78%. After oxidation, the oxidized bacterial cellulose had aldehyde functional groups, and its inhibition zones for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 21.5 and 23.3 mm. In this test, oxidized bacterial cellulose containing aldehyde groups is prepared. and it has good antibacterial properties.