目的 提升无源冷链物流中保温容器的保温性能，减少或取消短途冷链运输中蓄冷剂的使用量。方法 将石墨烯改性相变大胶囊与聚氨酯发泡材料共混，制备石墨烯改性相变聚氨酯发泡材料，研究石墨烯的添加对其导热系数和保温性能的影响，并基于COMSOL Multiphysics对石墨烯改性相变大胶囊和石墨烯改性相变聚氨酯发泡材料的传热过程进行有限元模拟。结果 在常温状态下，石墨烯的添加会增加石墨烯改性相变聚氨酯发泡材料的导热系数;在冷藏工况下，石墨烯改性相变聚氨酯发泡材料的导热系数随石墨烯添加量的增加而降低，石墨烯改性相变聚氨酯发泡材料制备的保温容器的系统热阻随石墨烯的增加而升高。通过有限元模拟可发现，石墨烯的加入能够提升相变大胶囊的导热系数，同时能够减缓升温平台阶段的升温速率;在跨越平台区后，即内部相变大胶囊完全融化后，石墨烯会提升保温材料的导热系数，从而降低保温容器的保温效果。结论 制备的石墨烯改性相变聚氨酯发泡材料能够在设计使用时间内提升保温容器的保温性能，该材料在需要冷藏的生鲜果蔬短途无源冷链物流领域具有广阔的应用前景。

This paper amis to improve the thermal insulating performance of insulating containers in cold chain and reduce the consumption of phase change material in short-distance cold chain.In this study, graphene modified phase change macrocapsules were blended with expanded polyurethane (EPU), and graphene modified phase change EPU was prepared as a novel insulating material. The influences of graphene on the thermal conductivity and thermal insulating were discussed, and the phase change heat transfer processes in the prepared graphene modified phase change macrocapsules and novel insulating material were analyzed based on finite element method by using COMSOL Multiphysics.The thermal conduction coefficient of the prepared insulating material increases with the adding of graphene under regular environment temperature, while this coefficient significantly decreases under frozen condition. The system thermal resistance is also improved by blending graphene. The finite element simulation results indicate that the thermal conductivity of phase change macrocapsules increases with the rise of graphene content, and the heating rate is delayed during the temperature plateau stage. This temperature plateau shows an obvious phase change process in the novel insulating material. However, the thermal conductivity of the prepared insulating material significantly increases when the phase change process complete. This transform causes a deterioration of insulating performance of insulating material. The prepared graphene modified phase change EPU can improve the thermal insulation performance of insulating containers during the design storage time and shows a broad application prospect in the short-distance cold chain of fresh fruits and vegetables.