目的 综述咪唑鎓盐及其复合物的制备方法和抗菌性能的研究进展，探讨咪唑鎓盐及其复合物在包装领域的应用价值。方法 阐述影响鎓盐及其复合物制备、抗菌性能的各项因素，总结其合成方法及抗菌机理。结果 发现温度对咪唑鎓盐的制备影响最大，烷基链长度对咪唑鎓盐的抗菌性能影响最为显著。结论 咪唑鎓盐及其复合物抗菌持久、热稳定性优异、绿色环保，可弥补传统抗菌剂的不足，在涂料包装、医药包装、食品包装等领域有着巨大应用前景。

The paper aims to overview the preparation methods and antibacterial properties of imidazolium salt and its complex, and to discuss the packaging application value of imidazolium salt and its compound in many fields. The synthesis methods and antibacterial mechanisms of onium salt and its compounds are summarized by describing the factors affecting their preparation and antibacterial properties. It is found that temperature has the greatest influence on the preparation of imidazolium salt, and the alkyl chain length has the most significant effect on the antibacterial properties of imidazolium salt. Imidazolium salt and its compounds have long-lasting antibacterial properties, excellent thermal stability, and environmental protection. They can make up for the shortcomings of traditional antibacterial agents and have great application prospects in the field of coating packaging, antibacterial medicine packaging, food packaging, etc.