目的 对自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备工艺及性能进行综述，为制备高修复效率的聚合物提供指导，并指出其未来的发展趋势。方法 从聚氨酯弹性体的修复机理出发，收集并分析自修复聚氨酯弹性体的最新研究进展，总结典型自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备工艺和性能指标;根据修复机理进行分类，对近年来本征型(Diels-Alder反应、Disulfide键、氢键等)和外援型(微胶囊化)自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备和性能进行综述，并讨论自修复聚氨酯弹性体的修复效率。结论 虽然基于不同动态键的自修复聚氨酯弹性体取得了一定的发展，但开发高修复效率的材料仍然是一个巨大的挑战。总结了提高自修复聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的途径，为实现修复性能与力学性能的平衡提供了指导。

The work aims to review the preparation and properties of self-healing PU elastomers, provide guidance for the preparation of polymers with high healing efficiency and indicate the future development trends of self-healing materials. Recent advancements of self-healing PU elastomers were collected and analyzed based on their healing mechanisms. The preparation technologies and property indexes of typical self-healing PU elastomers were summarized. According to the healing mechanisms of PU elastomers, the preparation and properties of intrinsic (such as Diels-Alder reaction, disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, et al) and extrinsic (microcapsules) self-healing PU elastomers were reviewed. The healing efficiency of self-healing PU elastomers was discussed. Although a number of literatures about self-healing PU elastomers based on different dynamic bonds were reported, it is still a great challenge to develop materials with high healing efficiency. The work proposes approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of self-healing PU elastomers and provides guidance for balancing the healing property and mechanical properties of self-healing elastomers.