目的 以丝瓜络为原料，采用碱煮与次氯酸钠氧化相结合的提取方法，研究不同提取方法对丝瓜络纤维结构及提取率的影响。方法 通过扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、X射线衍射析仪等表征处理过程中丝瓜络纤维的表面形貌、杂质去除情况、化学结构以及热学性能等。结果 碱煮可以去除原料中的半纤维素，得到了微米级的丝瓜络纤维;氧化处理则可以去除其中的木质素;通过处理，丝瓜络纤维热稳定性没有明显变化，但晶体含量得到提升;丝瓜络微纤维的提取率受氧化液中氢氧化钠(质量分数为7.4 %)和次氯酸钠(质量分数为5 %)的体积比、氧化温度以及超声波辅助处理等因素的影响，温度越高提取率越高，超声波辅助处理可显著提高其提取率，缩短提取时间。结论 通过碱煮和次氯酸钠氧化，在超声波辅助下可以有效提取丝瓜络纤维(提取率最高可达35.7%)。

The work aims to take loofah sponge as the raw material,combine alkaline boiling with sodium hypochlorite oxidation tostudy the effects of different extraction methods on the fiber structure of loofah sponge and fiber yield. The products were characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA and XRD to investigate changes in surface topography,impurity removal, chemical structure, thermal stability, etc. of loofah sponge fiber. The results showed that the hemicellulose might be removed from the raw material by alkali boiling to yield micron-sized fiber, and lignin can be removed by oxidation treatment. No obvious change was found in the thermal stability of the fiber at different stages, but the crystalline content increased. The yield of loofah microfiber was related to ratio of alkali to sodium hypochlorite in the oxidation solution, oxidation temperature and availability of ultrasonic. A higher temperature promoted the fiber yield. Ultrasonic assisted extraction might significantly improve the yield and shorten the extraction time. Loofah micro-fiber can be effectively extracted (a maximum yield of 35.7%)by method of alkali boiling and sodium hypochlorite oxidation with the aid of ultrasound.