目的 通过对水产品加工贮藏过程中微生物群落结构的动态分析，有利于发现腐败菌及病原微生物，以进一步提高水产品的品质，延长其货架期。方法 在介绍高通量测序技术的主要特点和发展历程的基础上，重点阐述高通量测序技术在发酵产品的生产、掺杂掺假的鉴别、食源性病原菌和腐败菌的检测等水产品加工贮藏领域中的应用，分析并解决存在的问题，展望高通量技术的发展前景。结论 随着未来生物工程领域技术水平的不断发展，测序成本低、耗时短、准确度高的测序技术将会逐渐替代传统的检测方式，更好地应用于水产品品质评价和微生物多样性分析中。

The work aims to find spoilage bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms through the dynamic analysis of microbial community structure during the processing and storage of aquatic products, so as to further improve the quality of aquatic products and extend their shelf life. Based on the introduction of the main characteristics and development process of high-throughput sequencing technology, the application of high-throughput sequencing technology in the processing and storage of aquatic products, such as the production of fermentation products, identification of adulterated adulterants, detection of food borne pathogens and spoilage bacteria were emphatically elaborated. The existing problems were analyzed and solved, and the development prospect of high-throughput sequencing technology was prospected. With the continuous development of biotechnology in the future, sequencing technology with low cost, short time and high accuracy will gradually replace the traditional detection methods and be better applied in aquatic product quality evaluation and microbial diversity analysis.