目的 以初始新鲜度为基准，结合保鲜包装成本构建订货模型来优化生鲜农产品零售商的订货策略。方法 以单个销售周期内零售商利润最大为目标，在易腐商品库存模型中引入初始新鲜度，结合保鲜包装成本，构建单周期生鲜农产品的订货模型，借助Matlab对模型进行优化求解。结果 通过算例可知，当销售周期为30 d，保鲜包装成本为0.15元，初始新鲜度为0.87时，取得最大利润值311.99元，且初始新鲜度由0.6上升到0.95期间，最优订货周期由2.86 d上升到23.66 d，最优订货量由74.76 kg上升到120.60 kg，再回落到101.37 kg；而保鲜包装成本由0.05元上升到0.25元，利润最大值由287.44元上升到327.13元，且初始新鲜度越大，利润上升幅度越高。结论 初始新鲜度较高时，零售商可以通过提高保鲜包装成本及采取少批次多批量的订货策略来提高企业的利润；而初始新鲜度较低时，在食品安全的范围内，零售商可以通过降低保鲜包装成本和采取多批次少批量的方式来提高利润。

Based on the initial freshness, the work aims to construct the order model to optimize the ordering strategy of fresh agricultural product retailers, combined with the fresh-keeping packaging input. In order to maximize the retailer's profit in a single sales cycle, the initial freshness was introduced into the perishable goods inventory model to build an order model for single-cycle fresh agricultural products in combination with the fresh-keeping packaging input. Then, the model was optimized with Matlab. The example showed that, when the sales cycle was 30 days, the fresh-keeping packaging input was 0.15 yuan and the initial freshness was 0.87, the maximum profit was 311.99 yuan; when the initial freshness rose from 0.6 to 0.95, the optimal order cycle rose from 2.86 to 23.66 days, the optimal order quantity rose from 74.76 kg to 120.60 kg, and then fell back to 101.37 kg; however, the maximum profit rose from 287.44 yuan to 327.13 yuan when the fresh-keeping packaging input rose from 0.05 yuan to 0.25 yuan; and the larger the initial freshness, the higher the margin of profit rose. It is found that, when the initial freshness is high, retailers can increase their profits by increasing the fresh-keeping packaging input and adopting the ordering strategy of less batches and more mass production; however, when the initial freshness is low, within the scope of food safety, retailers can increase their profits by reducing the fresh-keeping packaging input and adopting the method of more batches and less mass production.