目的 针对一种新型分离式飞行数据记录系统的着陆缓冲气囊外形进行优化设计。方法 基于多岛遗传算法和近似建模法通过ISIGHT优化设计平台制定相应的优化流程，建立不同坠落姿态下气囊缓冲着陆过程的数学模型，并以电子设备过载为优化目标，对气囊的外形尺寸参数进行优选，从而得出相应的气囊外形设计方案。结果 描述气囊缓冲着陆冲击过程的近似模型具有较高的可信度。基于近似模型的多岛遗传算法可提高在多初始坠落倾角下气囊外形尺寸的优化效率。相较于初始外形的气囊模型，经上述优化流程运算后得到的最优气囊模型在不同初始坠落倾角下的电子设备着陆冲击过载均有所下降。结论 该研究的过程和方法对于开展轻小型设备缓冲气囊的设计和优化具有指导意义。

The work aims to optimize the shape of landing buffer airbag aiming at a new type of separate flight data recording system. Based on the multi-island genetic algorithm and approximate modeling method, the optimization process was developed on ISIGHT optimization design platform and the mathematical model of the airbag buffer landing process in different falling postures was established. With electronic equipment overload as the optimization goal, the dimension parameters of the airbag were optimized to obtain the corresponding airbag shape design scheme. The approximate model describing the airbag buffer landing process had higher credibility. The multi-island genetic algorithm based on the approximate model could improve the optimization efficiency of the overall dimensions of the airbag at multiple initial fall inclination angles. Compared with the airbag model of an initial shape, the optimal airbag model calculated by the above-mentioned optimization process decreased the landing impact overload of electronic equipment at different initial fall inclination angles. The process and methods of the research have guiding significance on the design and optimization of cushioning airbag for light and small equipment.