目的 为了优化保温箱壁厚设计，以保温箱的保温性能为表征，探究不同环境温度和材料导热系数条件下的最优保温箱壁厚。方法 建立有限元模型，对比实验和有限元结果，验证有限元模型的准确性；改变模型中材料的导热系数和外界环境温度，探究不同壁厚对箱体保温性能的影响。结果 在环境温度为20~50 ℃的条件下，导热系数为0.01~0.075 W/(m•K)的保温箱壁厚从10 mm增加到35 mm时，保温性能变化较大；壁厚从35 mm增加到45 mm时，保温性能变化缓慢；同一温度条件下，增加相同壁厚，导热系数越小的保温箱保温性能增加越显著；同一导热系数的保温箱，增加相同壁厚，环境温度越低，保温性能增加越显著。结论 在不同环境温度和材料导热系数下，保温箱对应的最佳壁厚为35~40 mm，为保温箱的优化设计奠定理论基础。

The paper aims to optimize the wall thickness design of the incubator, study the optimal wall thickness of the incubator under the conditions of different ambient temperature and material thermal conductivity by characterizing the thermal insulation performance of the incubator. A finite element model was built; the experiments and finite element results were compared; and the reliability of the finite element model was verified by experiments. The thermal conductivity of the material in the model and the ambient temperature conditions were changed to study the influence of wall thickness on insulation performance of incubator. For incubator with a thermal conductivity of 0.01-0.075 W/(m•K) at the ambient temperature of 20-50 ℃, the wall thickness increased from 10mm to 35 mm; the thermal insulation performance changed greatly; when the wall thickness increased from 35 mm to 45 mm, and the thermal insulation performance changed slowly. Under the same ambient temperature condition, the increase of wall thickness was the same. The smaller the thermal conductivity was, the more significant the thermal insulation performance was. For incubators of the same thermal conductivity, the increase of wall thickness was the same. The lower the ambient temperature is, the more significant the thermal insulation performance increased. Under different ambient temperatures and thermal conductivity of materials, the optimal wall thickness of the incubator is 35-40 mm. It lays a theoretical foundation for the optimal design of the incubator.