目的 近年来，包装材料在生产和降解过程中广泛存在微塑料及相关污染物对环境和生物机体造成不良影响等问题，其对微塑料的检测以及毒理学研究至关重要。为了给后续研究提供参考方法，对微塑料的一些常规检测方法进行综述分析。方法 对现有的微塑料的检测方法，如红外光谱、拉曼光谱、热解-气相色谱/质谱法、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）结合荧光检测、高光谱成像、电镜成像等进行阐述，并且对检测现状进行总结。结论 微塑料的检测方法已呈现从单一化到多样化的发展趋势，但是检测方法的简便性、快捷性有待进一步提高。对后期包装材料中微塑料及相关有毒有害物质的监测和检测技术研发提供了参考。

In recent years, the widespread adverse influence of microplastics and related pollutants on the environment and biological organisms in the production and degradation of packaging materials is critical for the detection of microplastics and toxicology research. In order to provide reference methods for subsequent researches, the work aims to review and analyze some routine detection methods of microplastics. The present detection methods for microplastics, such as infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) combined with fluorescence detection, hyperspectral imaging, electron microscopy imaging, etc., were described, and the present situation of detection was summarized. The detection methods for microplastics have shown a development trend from simplification to diversification, but the simplicity and rapidity of detection methods need to be further improved. The proposed methods provide a reference for the research and development of monitoring and detection technology of microplastics and related toxic and harmful substances in packaging materials in later stage.