目的 为了优化变刚度印刷滚筒结构，有效提升其抗轴向挠曲变形能力，改善印刷压力分布不均匀的状况。方法 根据轴承径向载荷分布理论，建立变刚度印刷滚筒的等效支撑模型，利用有限元分析变刚度印刷滚筒轴向挠曲的变形情况，选出对其挠曲变形影响较大的因素，通过正交试验法建立变刚度印刷滚筒结构分布及结构尺寸的试验组，采用极差分析法，以变刚度印刷滚筒最大挠曲变形量为评判指标，分析各因素对轴向挠曲变形的影响主次程度及影响规律，得出较优的结构分布和结构尺寸。结果 筒体壁厚、加强筋数量对变刚度印刷滚筒最大挠曲变形的影响程度较大，加强筋厚和芯轴直径的影响程度次之；优化后，变刚度印刷滚筒中部挠曲变形得到了改善，轴向最大挠曲变形量降低10.2%。结论 合理改进变刚度印刷滚筒结构可减小其轴向挠曲变形，有效地提升了印品质量。

The work aims to optimize the structure of the variable-stiffness printing cylinder to effectively improve its resistance to axial deflection deformation and improve the uneven distribution of printing pressure. According to the radial load distribution theory of bearing, the equivalent support model of variable-stiffness printing cylinder was established. The finite element analysis of the axial deflection deformation of the variable-stiffness printing cylinder was used to select the factors that have great influence on the deflection deformation. The experimental group of variable-stiffness printing cylinder structural distribution and structural size was established by the orthogonal test method. Extremum difference analysis was carried out to judge the maximum deflection deformation of the variable-stiffness printing cylinder as the evaluation index, and analyze influences of various factors on the axial deflection deformation. The degree of primary and secondary and the law of influence were analyzed to obtain a better structural distribution and structural size. The results showed that the thickness of the cylinder and the number of ribs had greater influences on the maximum deflection deformation of the variable-stiffness printing cylinder, and the reinforcement rib thickness and the mandrel diameter were the second; after optimization, the deflection deformation of the variable-stiffness printing cylinder was improved, and the axial maximum deflection deformation was reduced by 10.2%. Reasonable improvement of the variable-stiffness printing cylinder structure can reduce its axial deflection deformation and effectively improve the quality of the printed matters.