目的 综述聚乙烯醇（PVA）发泡成型技术及其吸水性能的研究进展。方法 详细介绍PVA泡沫的4种发泡方法（机械发泡、化学发泡、成孔剂发泡、物理发泡剂发泡），4种成型工艺（模压、熔融挤出、注塑、熔融沉积）以及吸水性能的研究进展，并对其在海军舰艇冷链运输中的应用进行展望。结果 PVA极性泡沫是一种新型的环保泡沫塑料，通过不同的发泡方法和成型工艺，配以不同的改性剂，可以制得不同领域需求的材料。结论PVA泡沫具有性能优良、可生物降解、经济环保等特点，在农产品冷链运输和包装领域具有较大的发展潜力，在发泡方法和成型工艺的优化、储水储热性能等方面有较大的研究空间。

The work aims to review the research progress of PVA foaming forming technology and its water absorption performance. It introduced four foaming methods (mechanical foaming, chemical foaming, pore former foaming and physical agent foaming), four kinds of molding process (molding, melt extrusion molding, injection molding, fused deposition molding) and the research progress of water absorption performance, prospected for its application in the cold chain transportation of naval vessels. Polyvinyl alcohol polar foam was a new kind of environmental foam, which can be used in different fields by different foaming methods and processing technology adding different agents. Polyvinyl alcohol has the characteristics of excellent performance, biodegradable, economic and environmental, and has great development potential in the field of cold chain transportation and packaging of agricultural products. There is still a large research space in the optimization of foaming method and molding process, water storage and heat storage performance.