目的 针对标准集装箱和可折集装叠箱一起参与的空箱调运问题，找出影响可折叠空箱使用的关键因素。方法 通过混合整数非线性规划法对标准集装箱和折叠集装箱的调运总成本进行比较；通过关键因素分析法对影响可折叠空箱使用的因素进行分析，影响因素包括展开/折叠设备安装成本、运输成本、租箱成本和存储成本等。结果 运输成本是影响折叠箱使用的关键因素，尤其当运输成本上升30%～50%时，使用可折叠空箱参与调运下的总运输成本提高了16.92%，22.37%，27.37%，而不使用可折叠空箱总调运成本提高了22.48%，28.67%，34.60%。结论 折叠集装箱的使用受到多种因素影响，在一定条件下使用折叠集装箱更具有经济性。

The work aims to find out the key factors affecting the use of the foldable containers for the empty container transportation problem involving the standard containers and the foldable containers. The total transportation cost of standard and foldable containers was compared by mixed integer nonlinear programming and the factors affecting the use of folding boxes were analyzed by the key factor analysis method. Influencing factors included unfolding/folding equipment installation costs, transportation costs, rental costs and storage costs. Transportation cost was a key factor affecting the use of folding containers. When the transportation cost increased by 30%～50%, the total transportation cost of foldable containers in empty container transportation increased by 16.92%, 22.37% and 27.37%, while the total cost of transportation without foldable containers increased by 22.48%, 28.67% and 34.60%. The use of foldable containers is affected by many factors, and it is more economical to use foldable containers under certain conditions.