目的 以橡胶木为原料制备纤维素纳米纤丝。方法 通过化学预处理结合高强度超声处理的方法制备纤维素纳米纤丝；使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）、热重分析仪（TG）、紫外分光光度计（UV）和万能材料试验机等设备对其结构和性能进行研究。结果 橡胶木纤维素纳米纤丝的直径为3~10 nm，保留了天然纤维素Ⅰ型结构，具有较好的热稳定性，并且制备的薄膜具有较好的力学性能和透明度。结论 以橡胶木为原料，通过常规的化学预处理结合高强度超声处理的方法，可以制备出与杨木纤维素纳米纤丝的基础特性相似的纤维素纳米纤丝，并且具有较高的产率。

The work aims to prepare cellulose nanofibrils with rubber wood as raw material. The cellulose nanofibrils were prepared via chemical pretreatment combined with high intensity ultrasonication. The structure and properties of cellulose nanofibrils were studied with the help of SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, TG, UV and universal material testing machine. The diameter of cellulose nanofibrils prepared from rubber wood was within the range of 3~10 nm, with natural cellulose I structure retained and better thermal stability. Moreover, the prepared film had better mechanical properties and transmittance. With rubber wood as raw material, cellulose nanofibrils with similar basic characteristics to poplar cellulose nanofibrils can be prepared by conventional chemical pretreatment combined with high intensity ultrasonication, and have higher yield.