目的 探究不同还原剂在纳米银粒子合成过程中对其粒径、尺寸分布和形貌的影响。方法 以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂，选择葡萄糖、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸钠、乙二醇作对照，通过化学还原的方法，并将反应温度控制在60 ℃来制备纳米银粒子。通过马尔文激光粒度仪、X-射线衍射光谱（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、紫外-可见光谱（UV-vis）等对所制备银粒子进行表征。结果 采用葡萄糖为还原剂时，制备出了粒径较小（平均粒径为51 nm）且分布均匀的球形纳米银；将抗坏血酸作为还原剂时，出现了晶体颗粒聚集而成的球状团聚体，平均粒径为67 nm；柠檬酸纳还原出的纳米银粒子集中分布在15 nm左右以及100 nm左右，平均粒径为57 nm；乙二醇在相同条件下还原出了球形、棒状、三角片等形状的纳米银粒子，平均粒径为107 nm。结论 采用葡萄糖作为还原剂，更容易制备出球形、粒径小且分散均匀的纳米银粒子。

The work aims to investigate the effects of different reducing agents on the particle size, size distribution and morphology of nano-silver particles during their synthesis. With polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as dispersant, and glucose, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate and ethylene glycol as control, the nano-silver particles were prepared by chemical reduction method and the reaction temperature was controlled at 60 ℃. The prepared silver particles were characterized by Malvern particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), etc. Spherical nano-silver with smaller particle size (average particle size: 51 nm) and uniform distribution was obtained, when glucose was used as reducing agent. When ascorbic acid was used as reducing agent, spherical aggregates formed by aggregation of crystal particles appeared, with an average particle size of 67 nm. Nano-silver particles reduced by sodium citrate were concentrated at about 15 nm and about 100 nm with an average size of 57 nm. Under the same conditions, the ethylene glycol reduced nano-silver particles of spherical, rod and triangular plate shapes, with an average size of 107 nm. With glucose as reducing agent, it is easier to prepare spherical nano-silver particles with small particle size and uniform dispersion.