目的 制备泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料，并研究球形开孔泡沫铝的孔隙率、聚氨酯（PU）的含量对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料压缩性能和吸能性能的影响。分析泡沫铝孔隙率、聚氨酯含量对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料吸能效率和理想吸能效率的影响规律。方法 通过对复合材料试样进行准静态压缩试验，得出对应的应力-应变曲线，进一步推导出吸能-应变曲线、吸能效率-应力曲线和理想吸能效率-应力曲线。结果 当泡沫铝的孔隙率一定时，随着PU含量的上升，泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能和吸能性能得到提升。当PU含量一定时，随着泡沫铝孔隙率的减小，泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能和吸能性能会增加。结论 明确了吸能效率曲线和理想吸能效率曲线的应用范围，为缓冲材料的选择提供了依据。

The work aims to prepare aluminum foam-polyurethane composites and study the effect of porosity and polyurethane (PU) content of spherical open-cell aluminum foam on the compression and energy absorption properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites, and analyze the law of effects of porosity and polyurethane content of aluminum foam on the energy absorption efficiency and ideal energy absorption efficiency of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites. The specimens of composites were subject to a quasi-static compression test to obtain the corresponding stress-strain curves, and the energy absorption-strain curve, energy absorption efficiency-stress curve and ideal energy absorption efficiency-stress curve were further derived. When the porosity of the aluminum foam was constant, the compression and energy absorption properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites were improved with the increase of PU content. When the PU content was constant, the compression and energy absorption properties of the aluminum foam-polyurethane composites would increase as the porosity of the aluminum foam decreased. The application range of the energy absorption efficiency curve and the ideal energy absorption efficiency curve is clarified, which provides a basis for the selection of buffer materials.