目的 为了在控制包装箱整体重量的同时，提高包装箱的气密性及承压能力，对大型精密仪器运输包装箱的结构进行设计及优化。方法 针对精密仪器运输过程中“气体保护及密封性”的需求，设计钢骨架与玻璃纤维复合的箱体结构，并利用有限元仿真对设计方案进行分析评估，最后进行箱体的承压试验与气密性试验。结果 箱体在极端工况下的最大变形量为4.82 mm，在建立的箱内温度和大气压补偿模型基础上，包装箱泄露率仅为520.5 Pa/48 h。结论 采用钢骨架与玻璃纤维复合的箱体结构，满足了大型精密仪器运输的承压及密封性要求，为大型密闭箱体设计及试验提供了参考。

The work aims to design and optimize the structure of the large-scale precision instrument transport packaging box to improve the airtightness and pressure bearing capacity of the packaging box while controlling the overall weight of the packaging box. According to the demand of "gas protection and sealing" during the transportation of precision instruments, a packaging box structure combined with steel frame and glass fiber was designed. The finite element simulation was used to analyze and evaluate the design scheme, and finally the pressure test and airtightness test of packaging box were conducted. The maximum deformation of the packaging box under extreme working conditions was 4.82 mm. Based on the in-box temperature and atmospheric pressure compensation model established, the leakage rate of the packaging box was only 520.5 Pa/48 h. In conclusion, the packaging box structure combined with steel frame and glass fiber meets the pressure bearing and sealing requirements for the transportation of large-scale precision instruments, and provides a reference for the design and testing of large sealed containers.