目的 研究泡沫铝孔径（泡沫铝内部孢孔直径）对泡沫铝压缩性能的影响，并对泡沫铝、聚氨酯(PU)、泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能和吸能性能进行对比分析。分析泡沫铝孔隙率、聚氨酯含量对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料压缩性能和吸能性能的影响规律。方法 对试样进行准静态压缩试验。结果 通过准静态压缩试验，分别得出了对应的应力-应变曲线，并通过应力-应变曲线推导出吸能-应变曲线。结论 从试验所得的应力-应变曲线和吸能-应变曲线可知，泡沫铝压缩性能、吸能性能随着泡沫铝孔径的增加而变好，且在泡沫铝中加入聚氨酯形成泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料后，其压缩性能、吸能性能相对于单纯泡沫铝、聚氨酯有很大提升。当泡沫铝孔隙率一定时，泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能、吸能性能会随着聚氨酯含量的增加而变好。当聚氨酯含量一定时，泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的压缩性能、吸能性能会随着泡沫铝孔隙率的减小而变好。

The work aims to study the effect of aluminum foam pore size (foam diameter inside aluminum foam) on the compression properties of aluminum foam, compare and analyze the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam, polyurethane (PU) and aluminum foam-polyurethane composites, and analyze the influence of aluminum foam porosity and polyurethane content on the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites. The sample was subject to quasi-static compression experiments. Through quasi-static compression experiments, the corresponding stress-strain curves were respectively obtained, and the energy absorption-strain curve was derived from the stress-strain curve. The stress-strain curves and energy absorption-strain curves obtained from the experiments show that, the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam increase with the increase of the pore size of aluminum foam; and after the foam aluminum foam is added with polyurethane to form the aluminum foam-polyurethane composites, the compression and energy-absorbing properties are greatly improved compared to those of the simple aluminum foam and polyurethane. When the porosity of aluminum foam is constant, the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites increase with the increase of polyurethane content. When the polyurethane content is constant, the compression and energy-absorbing properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites will increase with the decrease of porosity of aluminum foam.