目的 研究球形孔开孔泡沫铝相对密度、孔径对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料力学性能的影响，以及对其吸能性能的影响。方法 对制备的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料进行准静态压缩实验。结果 通过准静态压缩实验，得出分别对应的应力-应变曲线，并通过应力-应变曲线推导出吸能-应变曲线。当泡沫铝孔径一定时，泡沫铝相对密度从35.0%提升到38.4%时，泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的屈服强度增加了6.5 MPa。当泡沫铝相对密度一定时，泡沫铝孔径从5.5 mm增大到9.5 mm时，泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的屈服强度增加了3.38 MPa。结论 泡沫铝的相对密度、孔径对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的性能有很大的影响，泡沫铝的相对密度越大，复合材料的性能越好，泡沫铝孔径越大复合材料性能越好，且泡沫铝相对密度越大，复合材料吸能特性越好，泡沫铝孔径越大，复合材料吸能特性越好。

The work aims to study the effect of the relative density and pore size of open-cell aluminum foam with spherical pores on the mechanical properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites and their energy absorption properties. The prepared aluminum foam-polyurethane composites were subject to quasi-static compression experiments. Through the quasi-static compression experiments, the corresponding stress-strain curves were obtained and the energy absorption-strain curves were deduced from the stress-strain curves. When the pore size of aluminum foam was constant, the relative density of aluminum foam was increased from 35.0% to 38.4%, and the yield strength of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites was increased by 6.5 MPa. When the relative density of aluminum foam was constant, and the pore size of aluminum foam was increased from 5.5 mm to 9.5 mm, the yield strength of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites was increased by 3.38 MPa. The relative density and pore size of aluminum foam have a great influence on the properties of aluminum foam-polyurethane composites. The larger the relative density of aluminum foam is, the better the composite properties are. The larger the pore size of aluminum foam is, the better the composite properties are; moreover, the larger the relative density of foam aluminum is, the better the energy absorption property of the composites is; the larger the pore size of aluminum foam is, the better the energy absorption property of the composites is.