目的 制备一种具有良好力学性能和抑菌性能的新型抗菌聚乙烯醇复合膜。方法 通过酸水解微晶纤维素制备纳米纤维素，经高碘酸钠氧化获得醛基纳米纤维素，加入银氨溶液原位合成载银纳米纤维素（Ag-DCNC）。以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为成膜基底，加入Ag-DCNC共混流延制备载银纳米纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜。结果 Ag-DCNC体积分数为3%时，复合膜的拉伸强度比纯PVA膜提高了8.8%。Ag-DCNC体积分数为5%的复合膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较好的抑菌效果。结论 载银纳米纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜具有较好的力学强度，对2种细菌均有良好的杀菌效果。该材料不但具有良好的性能，而且合成工艺简单，可以作为一种很有前途的抑菌膜用于包装行业。

The work aims to prepare a new antibacterial polyvinyl alcohol composite film with good mechanical and antibacterial properties. Cellulose nanocrystals were prepared by acid hydrolysis, dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals were prepared by oxidation of sodium periodate, and silver-dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (Ag-DCNC) were in-situ synthesized by incorporation of Tollens' reagent. With PVA as the film base, the composite film (Ag-DCNC/PVA) made of Ag-DCNC and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was prepared by solution casting. The tensile strength of composite films with 3% (volume fraction) Ag-DCNC content was improved by 8.8% compared with the pure PVA films. The antibacterial effect of composite films with 5% (volume fraction) Ag-DCNC content on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was better. Ag-DCNC/PVA composite films show good mechanical strength and antibacterial effect against two kinds of bacteria. With both good properties and simple synthesis technology, such material can be treated as a very promising antibacterial film applied in the packaging industry.