目的 为减少部队弹药保障单位的储备数量和勤务时间，加快弹药保障反应速度，以托架为基础，对集装弹药进行装载优化，实现快速高效的弹药单元化保障目标，增强部队弹药机动保障、直达保障能力。方法 建立弹药托架装载优化模型，提出基于启发式算法的求解思路，并给出算法步骤。结果 通过算例验证了优化模型的有效性，以12种待装弹药为例，利用算法使托架的平均空间利用率达到60.25%，平均面积利用率达到89.94%。结论 为解决弹药装载优化问题提供了一种技术方法，并发现标准托架与箱装弹药在设计时没有考虑互相匹配的问题，在将来托架和箱装弹药的设计中应加以考虑。

The work aims to optimize the loading of ammunition in containers based on the bracket to achieve the goal of rapid and efficient ammunition unit support and enhance the ammunition mobile support and direct support capability, for the purpose of reducing the reserve number of troops ammunition support units and service time and speeding up the ammunition support reaction speed. The optimization mode of ammunition bracket loading was established. The solving idea and algorithm steps were put forward based on the heuristic algorithm. As a result, through the example, the effectiveness of the optimization model was proved. Taking the 12 kinds of ammunition to be loaded as an example, the average space utilization rate of the bracket was 60.25% and the average area utilization rate was 89.94% with the algorithm. It provides a technical method to solve the problem of ammunition loading optimization and finds that the standard brackets and boxed ammunition are not considered to match each other during the design. This factor should be considered for such design in the future.